{"release":{"id":"official-source-registry-2026-08-06","title":"Official data sources for U.S. data-center public evidence","verifiedOn":"2026-08-06","sourceCount":20,"boundary":"No source is a complete U.S. data-center registry. Sources are assigned to the evidence layer they can directly support."},"sources":[{"id":"epa-dmap","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","label":"EPA Data Management and Analytics Platform","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Facility identity and federal program linkage","access":"REST, GraphQL, Parquet and Iceberg","update":"Dataset-dependent","quality":"backbone","url":"https://data.epa.gov/","use":"Connect FRS, ECHO, ICIS-Air, NEI, GHGRP and TRI records through stable program identifiers.","limit":"Does not identify every data center and cannot support name-only facility matching."},{"id":"epa-frs","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","label":"Facility Registry Service","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Facility identity","access":"API, CSV and geospatial downloads","update":"Ongoing","quality":"backbone","url":"https://www.epa.gov/frs","use":"Supply REGISTRY_ID, program-system identifiers, address, county and coordinates.","limit":"One physical campus may have multiple names, addresses or program records."},{"id":"epa-echo","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","label":"ECHO data downloads","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Compliance, permits and emissions","access":"Bulk downloads and web services","update":"Generally weekly","quality":"backbone","url":"https://echo.epa.gov/tools/data-downloads","use":"Add ICIS-Air, enforcement, inspection and combined stationary-source emissions data.","limit":"Federal reporting thresholds and program scope create real coverage gaps."},{"id":"ny-dec-air","publisher":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","label":"Issued State Facility Air Permits","scope":"New York","layer":"Permit index and documents","access":"Socrata API, OData and CSV","update":"As needed","quality":"structured-state","url":"https://data.ny.gov/Energy-Environment/Issued-State-Facility-Air-Permits/2wgt-bc53","use":"Supply Permit ID, facility, dates, georeference and direct permit-text URL.","limit":"The dataset covers all State Facility air permits, not a classified data-center subset."},{"id":"pa-efacts","publisher":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","label":"eFACTS public GIS and permit records","scope":"Pennsylvania","layer":"Facility, permit and emissions records","access":"ArcGIS JSON and GeoJSON plus reports","update":"Ongoing","quality":"structured-state","url":"https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dep/data-and-tools/gis","use":"Resolve facility and permit geography, then connect to permit tracking and air reports.","limit":"Documents and facility records are split across multiple DEP interfaces."},{"id":"tx-tceq-nsr","publisher":"Texas Commission on Environmental Quality","label":"Pending New Source Review applications","scope":"Texas","layer":"Applications and primary documents","access":"Public HTML index and linked PDFs","update":"Frequent","quality":"document-rich","url":"https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/permitting/air/reports/applications/nsr-pending-permits.html","use":"Detect current data-center applications and retain permit numbers, received dates and application documents.","limit":"Historical authorization and facility identity require Central Registry and Records Online joins."},{"id":"ohio-edoc","publisher":"Ohio Environmental Protection Agency","label":"eDocument Search","scope":"Ohio","layer":"Permit documents","access":"Interactive search and document download","update":"Ongoing","quality":"manual-state","url":"https://edocpub.epa.ohio.gov/publicportal/","use":"Retrieve permits by entity, county, program, Facility ID and Permit ID.","limit":"No stable bulk export was confirmed."},{"id":"kentucky-permits","publisher":"Kentucky Energy and Environment Cabinet","label":"Environmental permit search","scope":"Kentucky","layer":"Facility and permit activity","access":"Interactive searches and reports","update":"Ongoing","quality":"manual-state","url":"https://eec.ky.gov/Environmental-Protection/Air/Pages/Permit%20Search%20Online.aspx","use":"Search Agency Interest numbers, issued approvals, pending approvals and applications.","limit":"No stable public API was confirmed."},{"id":"eia-860","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","label":"Form EIA-860","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"On-site electricity generation","access":"ZIP and spreadsheet downloads","update":"Annual with monthly preliminary inventory","quality":"equipment","url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia860/","use":"Add generator status, capacity, energy source and selected environmental equipment for plants at or above reporting scope.","limit":"It is not an inventory of all standby engines or all data centers."},{"id":"eia-923","publisher":"U.S. Energy Information Administration","label":"Form EIA-923","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Power-plant operation","access":"ZIP and spreadsheet downloads","update":"Monthly and annual","quality":"operations","url":"https://www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia923/","use":"Add generation and fuel consumption for covered plants.","limit":"Reported power-plant operation must not be generalized to total facility electricity use."},{"id":"epa-nei","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","label":"National Emissions Inventory","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Reported air emissions","access":"Bulk downloads, summaries and query tools","update":"Triennial comprehensive releases","quality":"emissions","url":"https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories/national-emissions-inventory-nei","use":"Connect covered stationary-source emissions to facility identities and reporting years.","limit":"NEI scope, thresholds and estimation methods do not describe every generator or real-time emission."},{"id":"ferc-elibrary","publisher":"Federal Energy Regulatory Commission","label":"FERC eLibrary","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Interconnection, transmission and wholesale-power filings","access":"Public docket and document search","update":"Ongoing","quality":"document-rich","url":"https://elibrary.ferc.gov/eLibrary/search","use":"Locate docketed filings and orders involving large loads, transmission projects and co-location questions.","limit":"A filing may be a proposal, party position or procedural document rather than a Commission decision."},{"id":"sec-edgar","publisher":"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission","label":"EDGAR APIs","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Corporate disclosures and project identity","access":"JSON APIs and filing archives","update":"Near real time","quality":"filings","url":"https://www.sec.gov/search-filings/edgar-application-programming-interfaces","use":"Cross-check named operators, subsidiaries, capital commitments, risks and dated public-company disclosures.","limit":"Company disclosures are not permits and may aggregate projects or omit site-level detail."},{"id":"fairfax-plus","publisher":"Fairfax County, Virginia","label":"Planning and Land Use System (PLUS)","scope":"Fairfax County, Virginia","layer":"Parcels, development applications and inspections","access":"Public project-detail interface","update":"Ongoing","quality":"project-level","url":"https://plus.fairfaxcounty.gov/","use":"Resolve local project records and connect applications to parcels, review steps and related permits.","limit":"Workflow fields must be checked on the live record and do not prove construction or operation."},{"id":"loudoun-landmarc","publisher":"Loudoun County, Virginia","label":"LandMARC and Data Center Standards & Locations","scope":"Loudoun County, Virginia","layer":"Local land use, standards and mapped projects","access":"Public map and permit portal","update":"Ongoing","quality":"project-level","url":"https://www.loudoun.gov/5990/Data-Center-Standards-Locations","use":"Connect mapped data-center locations to local zoning, land-development and permit context.","limit":"Map inclusion and local approval stages do not establish current operation or environmental performance."},{"id":"pwc-energov","publisher":"Prince William County, Virginia","label":"EnerGov development-services records","scope":"Prince William County, Virginia","layer":"Land development, building and inspection workflow","access":"Public permitting portal","update":"Ongoing","quality":"project-level","url":"https://www.pwcva.gov/department/development-services/development-professionals/","use":"Trace local development applications, permits and review activity for named projects.","limit":"Search results require project-identity reconciliation and do not alone establish operating status."},{"id":"va-deq-water","publisher":"Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","label":"Water withdrawal and wetlands public records","scope":"Virginia","layer":"Water supply, wetlands and stream impacts","access":"Public notices and project pages","update":"Ongoing","quality":"document-rich","url":"https://www.deq.virginia.gov/news-info/shortcuts/public-notices/water/water-withdrawal/-toggle-all","use":"Add water-withdrawal, wetlands and stream-review evidence to project profiles.","limit":"Notice and permit scope must remain distinct from actual withdrawals or measured impacts."},{"id":"pa-data-center-incentive","publisher":"Pennsylvania Department of Revenue","label":"Computer Data Center Equipment Program","scope":"Pennsylvania","layer":"State incentive certification","access":"Program pages and state records","update":"Program-dependent","quality":"incentive","url":"https://www.pa.gov/agencies/revenue/business-tax-credits-and-economic-development-programs/business-tax-credits-and-incentives/computer-data-center-equipment-program","use":"Track the official eligibility and certification layer for data-center equipment incentives.","limit":"Program eligibility or certification is not a project permit, operating record or net-benefit finding."},{"id":"compute-atlas","publisher":"Compute Atlas","label":"Compute Atlas open dataset","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Discovery","access":"Public JSON API and repository","update":"Ongoing","quality":"discovery","url":"https://www.compute-atlas.com/api","use":"Generate facility candidates and locate government-hosted sources for verification.","limit":"Discovery metadata is not controlling evidence for project status, capacity, ownership or environmental performance."},{"id":"nrel-map","publisher":"National Renewable Energy Laboratory","label":"Data Center Infrastructure in the United States","scope":"Nationwide","layer":"Geographic cross-check","access":"Published map","update":"Periodic","quality":"discovery","url":"https://research-hub.nrel.gov/en/publications/data-center-infrastructure-in-the-united-states-november-2025/","use":"Cross-check broad spatial relationships among data centers, transmission, fiber and metropolitan areas.","limit":"A map is not a row-level permit or operating-status registry."}]}