Annotated research map

Data-center
environmental evidence

Researchers and official institutional sources relevant to air pollution, public health, water, energy demand, computing efficiency and Virginia regulation.

HOW TO USE THIS PAGE

Start with the
question, then the source

Air permits, grid electricity, cooling water, health exposure and computing efficiency are different evidence domains. A strong analysis should not substitute a national energy projection for a facility-level emissions record—or a permit limit for measured operation.

Each entry explains why a source is relevant to the current pilot and links to the researcher’s institution rather than using an unsourced biography. Titles and affiliations were checked July 20, 2026.

02
Causal inference, air pollution and population health

Francesca Dominici

Professor of Biostatistics, Population and Data Science; Director, Harvard Data Science Initiative
Harvard University

Dominici’s research provides important methodological context for evaluating population-health claims about air pollution. Harvard identifies her as Cork’s doctoral adviser; that relationship is not presented as an endorsement of this project.

Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthFrancesca Dominici faculty profile
04
AI environmental footprints, data-center water use and computing systems

Shaolei Ren

Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of California, Riverside

Ren’s work examines how computing demand connects to direct and indirect water use. UCR also reports his work on air-pollution and health effects associated with data-center electricity and backup generation.

University of California, RiversideProfessor’s TED Talk warns of AI’s hidden water costs
05
Data-center energy use, industrial sustainability and evidence-based policy

Eric Masanet

Professor and Mellichamp Chair in Sustainability Science for Emerging Technologies
University of California, Santa Barbara / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Masanet has worked on national data-center energy studies and models. His profile also identifies service in the International Energy Agency, IPCC and U.S. policy processes.

UC Santa Barbara Bren SchoolEric Masanet faculty profile
06
National data-center electricity demand, scenarios and water use

Arman Shehabi

Research scientist and lead author of the 2024 U.S. Data Center Energy Usage Report
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

The 2024 LBNL report supplies the national estimates used in our energy guide and distinguishes measured historical demand from scenario-based projections through 2028.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report
07
State air policy, Clean Air Act implementation and environmental governance

Vivian Thomson

Retired Professor; former member and vice chair, Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board
University of Virginia

Thomson’s public profile documents experience at EPA and on Virginia’s air-policy board. That background is relevant to how state permit processes translate legal requirements into source-specific conditions.

University of VirginiaVivian Thomson faculty profile
08
Energy policy, infrastructure, regulation and data-center development

Fengxiu Zhang

Assistant Professor, Schar School of Policy and Government
George Mason University

George Mason identifies data-center development as a specific focus of Zhang’s energy-policy research, including its infrastructural, managerial, regulatory and equity dimensions.

George Mason UniversityFengxiu Zhang faculty profile
09
Water systems, infrastructure and the water-energy connection

Landon Marston

Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Virginia Tech

Virginia Tech’s 2026 discussion with Marston explains both direct cooling demand and the water embedded in electricity supply for data centers, including the relevance to Northern Virginia.

Virginia TechData Centers and Water with Landon Marston
10
Green computing, server power measurement and data-center efficiency

Kirk Cameron

Professor of Computer Science; IEEE Fellow
Virginia Tech

Cameron’s profile documents work on power measurement and management, green computing and contributions to the Energy Star program for servers—technical context for separating computing efficiency from site-level permitting questions.

Virginia Tech Institute for Advanced ComputingKirk Cameron faculty profile

EDITORIAL BOUNDARY

What this map
does not claim

Inclusion does not mean a researcher agrees with our description, reviewed our dataset or supports a particular data-center policy.

When a person later reviews a specific page or supports the Public Evidence Principles, that role will be displayed separately with explicit scope and date.

Corrections to a title, affiliation, summary or source selection are welcome through the review channel.