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U.S. data centers/Reported operations

Federal survey and inventory records

Reported values,
not inferred operations.

Facility-level emissions inventory rows, generator records, fuel quantities and generation values with explicit identity tiers separating named data centers, ECHO crosswalks and NAICS-only discovery candidates.

264NEI facilities2020 inventory
7,438pollutant rows28 states
53EIA generator rows2025 early release
16EIA operations rows9 final 2024 · 7 early 2025
44explicit data-center names

Highest-precision discovery tier.

45ECHO crosswalks

Exact normalized name or location within 225 meters.

175NAICS-only candidates

Discovery rows; not confirmed facility identities.

EPA NEI · 2020

Inventory emissions

NEI values are inventory-reported or inventory-estimated facility emissions for 2020. They are not necessarily direct measurements and do not establish current emissions, a permit limit, compliance, exposure, causation or harm. NAICS-only candidates are discovery records, not confirmed data-center identities.

The complete EPA 2020 NEI facility-summary file was streamed. Records are separated into explicit data-center names, exact-name or 225-meter EPA ECHO crosswalks, and NAICS 518210-only candidates. The tiers are never presented as equivalent identity evidence.

EIA-860 / 923 · 2024–2025

Generation reporting

EIA-860 covers electric power plants in its reporting scope, not every data-center backup generator. The 2025 EIA-860 and EIA-923 early releases are incomplete; EIA says the EIA-923 early release has not yet been fully validated and is inappropriate for aggregation. The 2024 EIA-923 rows are retained as a final historical comparison. Operating values are not a measure of the data center's electricity consumption.

EIA-860 plant names and EIA-923 plant names were retained only when the official plant name explicitly contained data center, data centre, datacenter or server farm. No company-name-only or geographic 'Cloud' matches were promoted.

EPA 2020 NEI

Facility emissions
inventory rows.

Identity evidence is tiered. Values retain the source unit; pounds are not silently combined with tons, and inventory values are not presented as direct sensor measurements.

264 NEI facility records in the selected evidence tier

AL · 2020 NEIEIS 17064211
naics candidate

Regions Operations Center

2090 Parkway Office Circl CIR, Birmingham, Alabama

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX3.49 TON
CO0.927 TON
PM25-PRI0.071127 TON
SO21.102 TON
Inspect all 16 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 9991911
echo crosswalk

1100 SPACE PARK, LLC

1100 SPACE PARK DRIVE, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.295985 TON
CO0.03965 TON
VOC0.010653 TON
PM25-PRI0.002109 TON
SO20.000318 TON
Matched ECHO record: COMSTOCK DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 15728111
echo crosswalk

1101 SPACE PARK PARTNERS LLC

1101 SPACE PARK DR, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.029533 TON
CO0.002878 TON
VOC0.001366 TON
PM25-PRI0.000485 TON
SO20.000042 TON
Matched ECHO record: COMSTOCK DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 23 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 15974311
echo crosswalk

1525 COMSTOCK C/O DIGITAL REALTY TRUST

1525 COMSTOCK DRIVE, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.521913 TON
CO0.020325 TON
VOC0.013307 TON
PM25-PRI0.001354 TON
SO20.000696 TON
Matched ECHO record: COMSTOCK DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 13976611
naics candidate

200 PAUL AVENUE LLC, C/O DIGITAL REALTY TRUST

200 PAUL AVE, BLDG F, 5TH FLOOR, SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX2.760937 TON
CO0.610398 TON
VOC0.094628 TON
PM25-PRI0.022115 TON
SO20.003207 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 18601111
naics candidate

2805 LAFAYETTE

2805 LAFAYETTE STREET, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.903797 TON
CO0.052461 TON
VOC0.022667 TON
PM25-PRI0.002974 TON
SO20.001088 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 13771711
naics candidate

3011 LAFAYETTE

3011 LAFAYETTE STREET, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.183515 TON
CO0.007147 TON
VOC0.004679 TON
PM25-PRI0.000637 TON
SO20.000245 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 17252411
strict name

365 DATA CENTERS

1400 65TH STREET, EMERYVILLE, California

The official NEI site name explicitly identifies a data center.

NOX0.07032 TON
CO0.016115 TON
VOC0.001653 TON
PM25-PRI0.000726 TON
SO20.000035 TON
Inspect all 23 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 18588811
echo crosswalk

ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQ , INC

EAST, GRAND AVENUE, SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.04891 TON
CO0.051398 TON
VOC0.004187 TON
PM25-PRI0.001949 TON
SO20.005685 TON
Matched ECHO record: EXELIXIS DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 38 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 18595311
echo crosswalk

ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC

249 E GRAND AVENUE, SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.010308 TON
CO0.001224 TON
VOC0.000518 TON
PM25-PRI0.000189 TON
SO20.000012 TON
Matched ECHO record: EXELIXIS DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 19510711
echo crosswalk

ALEXION PHARMACEUTICALS

250 E GRAND AVENUE, STE 65, SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.00579 TON
CO0.0057 TON
VOC0.000311 TON
PM25-PRI0.00024 TON
SO20.000011 TON
Matched ECHO record: EXELIXIS DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 17244211
naics candidate

AMAZON DATA SERVICES, INC.

26464 CORPORATE AVE, HAYWARD, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX2.329236 TON
CO0.517607 TON
VOC0.079346 TON
PM25-PRI0.0133 TON
SO20.004253 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 18609111
echo crosswalk

AMAZON DATA SERVICES, INC.

2950 STENDER WAY, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX2.681076 TON
CO0.711241 TON
VOC0.092318 TON
PM25-PRI0.015859 TON
SO20.001403 TON
Matched ECHO record: VANTAGE DATA CENTERS CA1 ↗No Violation Identified · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 15974411
naics candidate

AMERICAN INTERNET SERVICES INC

9305 LIGHTWAVE AV, SAN DIEGO, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.72 TON
CO0.08 TON
VOC0.019222 TON
PM25-PRI0.01268 TON
SO20.000976 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 10460711
naics candidate

APPLE INC

39800 EUREKA DRIVE, NEWARK, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX2.603694 TON
CO2.698641 TON
VOC0.295133 TON
PM25-PRI0.051273 TON
SO20.002358 TON
Inspect all 23 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 17283411
echo crosswalk

APPLE, INC

2630 WALSH AVENUE, SANTA CLARA, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.012523 TON
CO0.010419 TON
VOC0.000782 TON
PM25-PRI0.000319 TON
SO20.000024 TON
Matched ECHO record: VANTAGE DATA CENTERS CA3 ↗No Violation Identified · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Matched ECHO record: VANTAGE DATA CENTERS CA31, LLC ↗No Violation Identified · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 32 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 18614911
echo crosswalk

APPLE, INC

3725 N 1ST STREET, SAN JOSE, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.07148 TON
CO0.01554 TON
VOC0.004521 TON
PM25-PRI0.000957 TON
SO20.000033 TON
Matched ECHO record: SAMSUNG DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 15971011
echo crosswalk

ARE - SAN FRANCISCO NO 12 LLC

249 E GRAND AVENUE, SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI coordinates fall within 225 meters of a strict EPA ECHO data-center record in the same state; this is a location crosswalk, not an ownership conclusion.

NOX0.006681 TON
CO0.005951 TON
VOC0.000309 TON
PM25-PRI0.000253 TON
SO20.000013 TON
Matched ECHO record: EXELIXIS DATA CENTER ↗No current ECHO compliance summary stated · 0 formal / 0 informal actions
Inspect all 23 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 3125811
naics candidate

AT&T

611 FOLSOM STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX1.50509 TON
CO0.327209 TON
VOC0.09519 TON
PM25-PRI0.020141 TON
SO20.000698 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 14291311
naics candidate

AT&T

400 HOLGER WAY, SAN JOSE, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.574231 TON
CO0.071605 TON
VOC0.021168 TON
PM25-PRI0.014556 TON
SO20.000278 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 14175311
naics candidate

AT&T CORPORATION

3175 SPRING STREET, REDWOOD CITY, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.337798 TON
CO0.111721 TON
VOC0.023031 TON
PM25-PRI0.004727 TON
SO20.000227 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 17284111
naics candidate

AVNET INC

2580 JUNCTION AVENUE, SAN JOSE, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.016888 TON
CO0.00415 TON
VOC0.00028 TON
PM25-PRI0.000389 TON
SO20.000024 TON
Inspect all 23 rows →EPA documentation ↗
CA · 2020 NEIEIS 10057211
naics candidate

CBS INC

235 2ND STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, California

The NEI row reports primary NAICS 518210, but the site name does not explicitly identify a data center and no strict ECHO crosswalk was established.

NOX0.011006 TON
CO0.013551 TON
VOC0.001427 TON
PM25-PRI0.000234 TON
SO20.000007 TON
Inspect all 31 rows →EPA documentation ↗

EIA-860 / EIA-923

Generators, fuel
and net generation.

The 2025 early-release rows and 2024 final comparison are shown separately and never aggregated. They describe reporting-scope electric-power activity, not total data-center electricity use.

9 explicitly data-center-named EIA plants

CA · EIA plant 59074

SC 1 Data Center, Phase 2

Xeres Ventures LLC

442025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
14BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
17APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
17BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
18APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
18BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
19APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
19BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
20APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
20BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
21APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
21BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
22APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
22BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG10APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG10BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG11APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG11BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG12APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG12BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG13APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG13BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG14APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG15APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG15BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG16APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG16BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG1APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG1BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG2APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG2BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG3APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG3BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG4APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG4BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG5APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG5BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG6APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG6BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG7APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG7BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG8BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
EG9APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
EG9BPetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.3 MWSB2025 early release
GEN8APetroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2.2 MWSB2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity4,310 barrels

Fuel energy24,137 MMBtu

Net generation2,141 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity782 barrels

Fuel energy4,378 MMBtu

Net generation380 MWh

MN · EIA plant 57207

Thomson Reuters Data Center Bldg ES101

CADC MSP01, LLC

12025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
1Petroleum LiquidsIC · DFO1.2 MWSB2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity12 barrels

Fuel energy71 MMBtu

Net generation7 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity44 barrels

Fuel energy260 MMBtu

Net generation0 MWh

MN · EIA plant 57208

Thomson Reuters Data Center Bldg H

Ryan Companies US, Inc.

02025 early-release generator rows
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity82 barrels

Fuel energy486 MMBtu

Net generation40 MWh

MN · EIA plant 54294

West Group Data Center

CADC MSP01, LLC

42025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
1Petroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2 MWSB2025 early release
2Petroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2 MWSB2025 early release
3Petroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2 MWSB2025 early release
4Petroleum LiquidsIC · DFO2 MWSB2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity101 barrels

Fuel energy599 MMBtu

Net generation55 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity59 barrels

Fuel energy350 MMBtu

Net generation40 MWh

MN · EIA plant 56247

West Group Data Center F

Ryan Companies US, Inc.

02025 early-release generator rows
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelIC · DFO

Fuel quantity83 barrels

Fuel energy491 MMBtu

Net generation42 MWh

NM · EIA plant 66287

NMRD Data Center III, LLC

Exus New Mexico

12025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
NMRD3Solar PhotovoltaicPV · SUN50 MWOP2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy468,407 MMBtu

Net generation137,282 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy462,748 MMBtu

Net generation135,624 MWh

NC · EIA plant 58701

Apple Data Center - PV2

Apple, Inc

12025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
PV2Solar PhotovoltaicPV · SUN20 MWOP2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy117,585 MMBtu

Net generation34,462 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy117,592 MMBtu

Net generation34,464 MWh

NC · EIA plant 57994

Apple Data Center PV

Apple, Inc

12025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
PV1Solar PhotovoltaicPV · SUN21 MWOA2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy107,508 MMBtu

Net generation31,509 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy99,899 MMBtu

Net generation29,279 MWh

NC · EIA plant 59474

Apple Data Center PV3

Apple, Inc

12025 early-release generator rows
GeneratorTechnology / fuelNameplateStatus codeRelease
DCPV3Solar PhotovoltaicPV · SUN17.5 MWOP2025 early release
2024 final EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy106,687 MMBtu

Net generation31,268 MWh

2025 early release EIA-923 plant/fuel row

Prime mover / fuelPV · SUN

Fuel quantity0

Fuel energy113,400 MMBtu

Net generation33,235 MWh

One human-readable indexFacilities, pollutant rows, generators and permits are now searchable together in the main Evidence Index.
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